For most of us the primary reasons for pursuing an alternative to the gas fueled 4 wheeled automobile for getting us from point A to point B is:
  • fuel efficiency, so saving $$$
  • save on energy
  • reduce pollution
  • enjoy the ride more
  • good exercise

though not necessarily in that order! There are other reasons to use Personal Electric Vehicles (PEVs) such as electric bikes (eBikes) and electric scooters (eScooters). One of the best: eBikes and eScooters can be just plain fun to ride! Unlike all the other alternatives, only eBikes offer you the opportunity to go significant distances and pedal to gain some health benefits while doing that point A to point B thing.

What follows is a summary of many of the experiences we have had with PEVs, perhaps a bit heavy on the technical issues and experiences. Over time, we'll work to liven it up and minimize or clearly mark where the technical person, that would be Mark, recounts trials and tribulations going from "traditional" to more efficient, yet practical, personal transportation. The importance of doing so became far more visible as we deal with the oldest "kid" wanting her own car! We're trying to extoll the benefits of PEVs over traditional automobiles for transportation, so it's time to put our money where our mouth is!

This page needs rearranging, please use the index at top right to skip to areas that may be of interest. We've put the history of this near obsession on a separate page for those REALLY interested in the background.

eBikes

After researching many alternatives we had a local eBike shop, Cycle9 in Carrboro, we look a good look at the Currie Technologies eFolder and Mountain eBikes that we had purchased in 2001. These bikes are in excellent physical condition, but the motor control had a habit of not stopping and neither the old motor nor controls are currently supported by Currie Technologies. This was a dangerous situation so we didn't ride the eBikes for a few years!

Currie bikes are more popular now than back in 2001, but Currie switched to a new control and motor technology in 2005 which is not compatible with, and not as well made as, the 2001 generation Currie Technology eBikes. The eFolder had been sitting almost 3 years, the battery packs wouldn't take a charge and there are no Currie bikes of similar vintage that bike shop owners know of in the area for reference. Got some great advice and links to resources included below from the people at Cycle9 in Carrboro. So we brought the eFolder back to the garage and began searching for parts to get this bike and the Currie Technologies Mountain eBike running. While we were at it we researched a few other LEV options which are summarized below.

The current list of eBikes in our stable may be found here on the WS family eBike summary page as we resumed much more active use of bikes since 2008.

Links relevant to eBike owners such as the WS family:

Alternative eBike power sources & charging:
  • PowerSonic 12V 9Ahr atbatt.com (INSTALLEd in frame mount Currie pack)
  • 24v 10Ahr Nilar battery pack 11"Lx5.3"Wx3.3"H CO Adv Battery
  • Tenergy 19-24V charger, Amazon (not yet, probably should find a higher current charger...). Not needed for Nilar, see the Advanced Colorado Batteries web site which suggests using SLA chargers which include a float mode. [Note: in mid-2010, Advanced Colorado Batteries ceased operations and moved to Europe. The NiMH patents held by the Big 3 consortium were an issue, though apparently not the only issue.

Research on eBikes

(moved detailed planning on WS family eBikes to Google Docs spreadsheet)

Part
Manufacturer/ US Rep
Reference
Notes
Currie Tech USPD Compatible Motors & controls
EVDeals.com
Currie Technologies referenced
Scott at EVdeals responded, will work with him to find correct parts for 2001 "vintage" USPD bikes. Note the Lashout and Rayos bikes use the old style motor mount and motors.
Currie Tech new drive kits 2010
Currie Technologies

Currie offers $100 discount on kits for existing Currie product owners.
Curre Tech IZip conversion kits, 2010
thesuperkids.com
Google search
Offering the IZip kit, not usable on old Currie USPD bikes due to non-standard frame. Could be used on other 26" bike. $279 ppaid ($399 from Currie).
Note Li-Ion kits, where avail (IZIP-KIT5) are ~$800!
Repair and parts for Currie eBikes
Pacific Cycles (CA)
Currie Technologies referenced
Left message on FB discussion list.
Idea for way to "tame" 5k eBike control
ShulzEngineering.us
Google search on 5k electric control
Nice idea, 10k potentiometer + switch in parallel with control. Could also have a switch in series to disable!
eBike drive that COULD have been evolution of Currie Tech drive
EcoSpeed
EcoSpeed battery specsEcoSpeed battery specs
Excellent reviews many places
Higher function and a higher price point; like marrying the USPD to a sprocket on the crankset! Good battery summary in 2nd link.
Refs on Giant LaFree Lite
Giant Bicycles
Electric Vehicles NW
Several refs, all excellent for this eBike
Only has PAS mode, no equiv to TAG. However, runs very nicely, ok on hills more subtle than Currie. Noisier than some hub motors comparable to Currie USPD. Sound when motor kicks in is a bit eery!
Crystalite hub motor kits for existing bikes
Electric Rider (TX), others
Referenced from several other sites.
Step above Currie, very popular hub motor series. Good reviews, Nine Continent is competitor with some higher features in low end motor. Approx $350 for low-end.
Nine Continent hub motor, better quality more flexible than Crystalite
Cycle9.com
Excellent references, sites our own Cycle9!
Starts at $347 for motor, then need battery pack and controller. Could initially use dual AGM packs (48V) then Li-Ion or NiMH later (min ~$450-$600)
Li-Ion packs, including form factors for rear racks
ScooterFamily.com
Referenced from several other sites
Many different battery packs 24V/36V LiIon/AGM.
Very comprehensive listing with lots of info on many different eBikes
ElectricBikes.com
Many references
Wonderful info site.
Source for the Cycle Analyst and much other info on eBikes
ebikes.ca
Many references here from others
Very interesting simulator and info on Nine Continent and eZee hub motors.
Very active forum for all things about bikes, including eBikes
bikeforums.net
Many references to this site.
Posts from all over the Americas, and other parts of the world. Good collection of eBike posts.
Compare Li-Ion to SLA!
EcoForumz.com
Wow!
But oh my the cost difference!
Homegrown Li-Ion
EcoForumz.com

Used laptop battery cells
NiMH 36V pack
NiMH 3 channel charger
Batteryspace.com

Note needs special charger, balances between each of 3 "12V" strings. Battery pack $300, charger min $70.
Department Store Bikes
bicycleuniverse.info
Many references from other sites and Google
Nice, succinct article on DS bikes
EZ-Glide hub
www.directdiscountusa.com

Can't find any review anywhere, just eBay and online retailer. Available in 24V and 36V, no BBB filing, shipping weight for hub and controller alone 30lb!
Parts source for eBikes
www.electricscooterparts.com

Good resource in addition to EVDeals.com
Excellent resource, parts, eBikes
www.electricrider.com
Includes Crystalite hub motors and equiv to Currie ext chain drive
Texas group that includes sales and parts for hub motors (Crystalyte), and had sold chain drive systems too. Many parts, including Li batteries to build packs.
Forum for discussion of many eVehicle, and eBike, issues.
http://visforvoltage.org

Includes posts from Cycle9 people in Carrboro!
LiFePO4 prism batteries


Same as avail from Electric Rider, prismatic LiFEPO4 cells.
NiMH battery packs
many other sites
24V 10Ah $160
D size NiMH cells made into battery packs
Watt's Up power meter
many sites, especially V is for Voltage
$50 from Amazon
Basic A, V, W, Ah, Wh meter, loses settings when power removed. Can use external battery.
Cycle Analyst
MANY sites
$120+
Much fancier than above, retains settings on power removal.
Why bicycle trailers?
Many sites
$100+
General article and reference, not a manufacturer or sales site.
Hauling bikes in trailer with Prius
Prius sites referenced
$350+
Chat is started on hauling tandems in trailer and includes mult bikes in trailers.
Aerodynamic trailer offered by scooter manufacturer
Referenced several other sites (can't find now!)
??
Nice aerodynamic and light, but hard to find again! Want to find way to haul bikes without getting them damaged as putting on back of car does!
Multi-speed internal geared hubs article
Google and other sites reference
$100+
Giant LaFree Lite has 4 speed, now up to 8 speed internal hubs. Was looking for maintenance requirements!
Shimano multi-speed hub
Reference from Giant site, the Lite has a 4 speed hub, without an integrated brake option.
$100+
Shimano 4-speed hub exploded diagram
Shimano 4-speed hub maintenance sheet

3 and 4 Wheeled Commuter Vehicles

There are many 3 wheel and 4 wheel "commuter vehicles" that are electric or small gas engine powered, capable of over 20mi range before recharge or refill, able to maintain 35mph and peak to 45mph and suited to the milder parts of winter here in Central NC. Many are available at the Coast, especially in Florida and other Gulf states where retirement communities often have small fleets of Neighborhood Vehicles. These are not the Harley conversion "Trikes" or the Can-Am "Trike" which use large motorcycle engines and are built for either speed or showmanship. Here are some references:

Vehicle
Manufacturer/ US Rep
Reference
Notes
Aptera EV
Aptera.com
review in Wired.com
Many many references
May win the X prize for 100mpg+ "production" vehicle!
BugE
http://bugev.net/Ads/Ads.html BugE ads, neat 3 wheel electric EV kit
Many many references
Designed for one person, though put a m'cycle bench seat in and it may handle 2.
Vespa 3 wheeler
Vespa.com
review of hybrid concept 3wheel bike
In many mags, concept vehicle
Vespa has known reliability in scooter platforms the others below can only dream of!
RQRiley XR3 concept
Concept vehicle from design company.

Great initial "reviews", but no production version.
Aero Trike
http://aerobourne.com/
Seen on many other sites
This Texas inventor has an unmatched set of "trailers" for motorcycles, and an awesome custom "kit" design for a 3 wheeler.
RTM Tango
150cc
Tangotrikes.com
Spots on Florida CBS show: here are some reviews, though not with reference names or a "forum" for owners.
150cc 4stroke, water cooled.
Not sure this is US manufacturer rep or distributor only. Also avail 50cc 2cycle, sigh. Importer notes that vehicles are no longer in production (2010-04-04).
Elec Tango
??
Saw on EVBikes site
orderable now, but out of our price range.
MDL Spider 150
extremescooters.com

150cc 4 stroke, water cooled, but looks like a 3 wheel dune buggy
Many, including RTM Tango, see BBB rating
http://usawholesalescooters.com/
BBB rating is an F!
Carries many scooter and small motorcycle based vehicles, showroom in Fort Lauderdale.
Mini history of real 3wheelers
wheels3.com

Nice archive, including many photos.
Many in a forum
http://reversetrike.com/mini-class.html
Site with many small 3 wheel commuter references.
Note the TRM Tango review states that the RTM is made in Uruguay by a commercial vehicle manufacturer. But importer states they are no longer in production.
Many, electric
http://www.electric-bikes.com/cars/ready.html

Links with reviews to electric 3 wheel vehicles.
3 wheeler reviews
New Car Buying Index on 3wheelers
Fuller's Dymaxion and some current 3 wheeled vehicles

Growing trend again?
Wildfire Motors, micro-van and micro pickup
Car and Driver reports
US Web Site and dealer locator
Machine Design review and comments
BBB rating of F!
Though many complaints have been resolved, many still open, beware! The product is attractively priced, but one steered wheel has been shown less stable than two in the front!
Folding 3 wheeler, from 1920s!
Car for the woman?

Saw some references in 3 wheel web sites to this as a very early implementation of a folding 3 wheel vehicle. Sure must have been a bear to unfold each time!
Can't resist adding this Magic Wheel Scooter!
MagicWheel.co.uk with demos
Since the US domain name is "for sale", the company may have retrenched a good bit!
Some reviews note it is harder than depicted in ad videos.

Some photos: RTM Tango, no longer in production
RTM_Tango.jpg

3 Wheel Hybrid eBikes

In Europe, the 3 wheel "hybrid" tricycle with optional electric motor is far more popular than in the US. Most fall into the "velomobile" category which where licensed are done as motorcycles. Here are some examples:

Vehicle
Manufacturer/
US Rep
Reference
Notes
Twike
Twike.com
Many many references
A 1980s design that won many awards! Nice, if you've got $35k available!
Quest
VelomobileUSA.com
Bluevelo.com
Many references
This site is very high on the Quest, available in US, based on bike below
Allweder
www.alleweder.de
Another one with many references
dating back to the 1980s
Very good site, if you understand German! Details of Allweder a8, a6, a4
KV4
http://dutchbikes.nl/pagina/frame_v_kits.html
Some refs, mainly European, but this is imported to US
Aluminum version of the fiberglass hulled Velomobiles above. Go for about $8k
Quest
taking-a-velomobile-for-a-test-ride.aspx
Many refs led to this road test!
Road test, in Europe of course!

Small LEVs


There are more Light Electric Vehicles (LEVs) and Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs) available now than when we first got into electric bikes in 2001. For many of the trips we take around Chapel Hill this type of car would be ideal, akin to a "Smart Car" but electric.

One became available in High Point on Craig's list in April2010, a Zenn 2007 model car, see:


Though the car is interesting, it has several really serious drawbacks, including the lack of support from the Canadian company who ceases production end of April 2010.

Trailers for holding LEVs


Now that we've got our LEVs, how to transport them for vacations and such? The folding eBike and folding bikes are the easiest, all 3 can fit in the station wagon and use a shell on top to relocate displaced sleeping bags, tents, and other gear. But I'd really rather be able to take all the eBikes along without hitching them to the back of the car which has resulted in too many bent cables and dinged up parts.

Here are some options, again with reviews:
Trailer
Name
Manufacturer/ US Rep
Reference
Notes
Swivelwheel
CrusierLift.com
References from Scooter sites
Unique, but not really highway speed capable
Aeropods
Adventuresport
Many references from bikers, motorcyclists that is.
Very highway capable, and expensive.
Toy Carrier
ToyCarrier.com
Refs from TNT e-Scooters
Looking for a really neat trailer suited for scooters and bikes that I saw a few weeks ago! This one is what I saw, but way bigger than needed!
4'x8' trailer
Local, Bunn, C'list ad

similar to U-Haul open 4x8 trailer which are $15/day rental. This open trailer is $450
Rola Enclosed Hitch Carrier
eHitches.com link for Rola carrier
Refs from Google search
very nice, but more expensive than what would be hauled within it!

Local Groups


There are local organizations promoting EVs in general:

References

  1. WS Family Bicycle Information including details on eBikes
  2. How one WS Family member got so involved in eBikes
  3. WS Family Wikispace Home Page
  4. Facebook group: Central NC EVers and eBikers
  5. Three wheel eBikes, bikes & EVs (this page)